During week three, the trainee will acquire foundational knowledge of spinal cord anatomy and physiology. The trainee will:

• Describe the basic anatomy of the spinal cord, including blood supply and organization of the motor and sensory tracts within the spinal cord
• Understand principles of intraoperative neuromonitoring for spine surgery including effects of physiologic and anesthetic factors.
• Discuss intraoperative management of patients undergoing spine surgery including airway management, analgesia, blood conservation strategies, and positioning concerns
• Understand presentation and pathophysiology of acute and chronic spinal cord injury and concerns for anesthetic management.

Anesthesia for Spine Surgery

• Podcast:
  • Fellows’ and Residents’ Audio Corner – SNACC (Anesthesia for Spine Surgery, October 2016)
• Quizzes:
  • Anesthesia for Spine Surgery
  • Spine Surgery and Coexisting Disease

Spinal Shock and Autonomic Hyperreflexia

• Quiz:
  • Traumatic Spine Injury
• Guidelines:
  • SNACC Neuroanesthetic Emergency Treatment Guidelines #4

Spine Surgery: Analgesic and Blood Conservation Management

• Articles:
  • Non-Opioid Analgesics: Novel Approaches to Perioperative Analgesia for Major Spine Surgery (PMID: 27036605)
  • Perioperative Blood Conservation Strategies for Major Spine Surgery (PMID: 27036602)

Spine Surgery: Airway Management in Unstable Spine

• Case Discussion:
  • Cervical Spine Injury PBLD
  • Cervical Spine and Airway issue – Clinical Case
• Podcasts:
  • Fellows’ and Residents’ Audio Corner – SNACC (Intubation of the Patient with Unstable Cervical Spine, February 2017)
  • Expert Audio Corner: (October 2016, Airway Management of Cervical Spine)
• Article:
  • Airway Management for Cervical Spine (PMID: 27036600)

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: Basics and Anesthetic Influence

• Podcasts:
  • Fellows’ and Residents’ Audio Corner – SNACC (Anesthesia for Neuromonitoring in Spine Surgery, October 2017)
  • Fellows’ and Residents’ Audio Corner – SNACC (Neuromonitoring for Intracranial Surgery, January 2018)
  • Expert Audio Corner (May 2016, Neuromonitoring)
• Case Discussions:
  • Intraoperative Neuromonitoring 1 – Clinical Case
  • Intraoperative Neuromonitoring 2 – Clinical Case
• Article:
  • Neuroanesthesia Guidelines for Optimizing TcMEP- Delphi Consensus Study (PMID: 32539292)

Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

• Articles:
  • Update on Perioperative Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Associated With Non-ophthalmic Surgery (PMID: 30042726)
  • Practice Advisory for Postoperative Visual Loss 2019 (PMID: 22227790)

Supplementary Reading (SNACC Bibliography Collection)